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An overlooked provision of a comprehensive U.S. sanctions bill that became law last year imperils a larger set of foreign financial institutions than previously thought, say sources. The Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, or CAATSA, codifies certain U.S. sanctions and mandates new ones against entities tied to Iran’s ballistic missile program, North Korea’s nuclear weapons development, and Russia’s interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and involvement in other “destabilizing” activity. More specifically, section 228 of CAATSA requires the U.S. Treasury Department to order the blocking of all U.S. assets of foreign firms that knowingly facilitate “significant transactions” for...